Shaft Mining
Shaft mining is the earnest form of underground mining. Underground mining is selected when the rock or mineral is so far to reach using surface mining. Shaft mining is the kind of mine that you normally see in movies where the miner travels straight down into a profound, dark tunnel until he reaches the base.
The shaft mine has a perpendicular man shaft, a tunnel where the men move up and down in an elevator. Equipment is taken deep inside the mine using this shaft, too. Short tunnels to the ore are excavated from that man shaft. When the ore is dynamited and broken into chunks, it is taken to the apex and loaded into trucks via a second shaft. There is normally an airshaft that gives the mine ventilation.
Tunnels are deepen and the mine is made bigger until there isn't any ore left, or it costs so much money to get it out. Although those old movies show deserted mines that spooky people travel through, the majority mines are filled with some kind of cement or filler when mining is done. This keeps the land round it from sinking when the in mine beams rot away. It is a safer way to close a mine.
Off-shaft access
The mine shaft is used to admission to an underground mining capability. Horizontal workings off the shaft are known as drifts, galleries or levels. These expand from the central shaft towards the ore body. The point of contact among these levels and the shaft itself is called the inset, shaft station or plat.
Surface facilities
On the surface over the shaft stands a building called the headframe (or winding tower, poppet head or pit head). Depending on the kind of hoist used the top of the headframe will either house a hoist motor or a sheave wheel. The headframe will also have bins for storing ore being relocated to the dealing out facility. If the shaft is used for mine ventilation a plenum or casing, is integrated into the headframe to make sure the proper flow of air into and out of the mine.
Shaft lining
Smaller shafts are designed to be rectangular with timber supports, in North and South America. Bigger shafts are round and are concrete lined.
Shaft compartments
A mine shaft is often split into manifold compartments. The biggest compartment is characteristically used for the cage, a transportation used for moving workers and supplies underneath the surface. It functions in a alike manner to an elevator. The second section is used for one or more skips, used to hoist ore to the surface. Small mining operations use a skip mounted beneath the cage, relatively than a separate device, while few big mines have separate shafts for the cage and skips. The third compartment is utilized for an emergency exit; it might house a supplementary cage or a system of ladders. An extra compartment houses mine services like elevated voltage cables and pipes for transfer of water, compressed air or diesel fuel.
A second reason to divide the shaft is for ventilation. One or more of the sections conversed above might be used for air ingestion, while others might be used for exhaust.
