To pack explosives in a drill hole or to place material into a haulage device.

Coal mining method where narrow vertical slices are cut by mechanical means along long faces or walls.

Chemical process to dissolve and extract minerals from ore. Also a natural process by which ground waters dissolve minerals.

A product made by bonding together two or more layers of material or materials.

Amount of waste rock to be mined in order to achieve a safe working angle of an open pit wall.